A)
HISTORY :Less
10 approximately 000 years, at the end of the glaciation of WURM, the
man already homo-sapiens seeks his food in continual displacement. It
is the time of the dwellings light, traced in extreme cases of
surface necessary to its activities and consisted of a thin and light
but essential wall to protect itself from the bad weather, (because
it lost its fur while being protected from skin garments during
terrible the the 600 000 last years glaciations). No concept of
straight line or angle governs the layout of its shelter. All is
curved around him: self-centredness reinforced by the instinct of
self-preservation of the survival of the Dés species at the
time poses the problem of the report/ratio of the man to his dwelling
Depuis, it will not cease improving the techniques of its habitat by
taking account of the parameters of its existential reality. It will
be initially the sedentarisation requiring the storage of the food
products and the tools, then the urban centre (stage " tortoise ")
accumulating of richnesses coveted by the wandering hunters reducing
to poverty itself by the food scarcity. Finally the fortifications
which will be the container of an urban growth being compressed more
and more by creating the " Carréisme " after having passed by
the " mosaic " stage
After the unification of the large countries, the obsolete fortifications do not confine any more the city, and appears a new financial organization capitalizing and developing industry. Already started by the demographic growth, the rural migration will develop and continue human compression, by centripetic aspiration. It is the time of the land higher bid developing the conquest heights where flower the buildings and the turns. There, rejected with the periphery, the populations pullulate in stacking where régne the " Carréisme " more organized and most constraining of all times.
Then appear contradictions, source of already known social distortions of old. Psychological faintness, cancellation of the concept of wall and especially of territory, social stress developing the anguish, narcotic self-destruction, delinquency and by-products: racism and violence. It is the effect " Bronx " where whole districts are devastated, plundered and reduced to the state of ruins by collective aggressiveness. Here the phenomenon of compression reaches almost its paroxysm while starts the favoured urban exodus by pollution, and the financial conditions of subsistence (squaterisation).
C)CARACTERISTIQUE AND ADVANTAGES
Characteristics :Elimination of discontinuity enters the wall and the roof cancelling the concept of wind-bracing.
Advantages:a) Techniques :Diminution of the quantity of materials implemented (very significant)
précédenteb) Thermal Reduction in the loss:
- By the reduction in the surface of wall (approx. 40 %) - By the linear reduction (peripheral report/ratio minus 25 % env) - By the reduction in volumes of stratifications Reduction in the power of heating installation (env. 50 %) solar Facility of heating... The absolute record was reached by a curviform dwelling in Drome: 2,6 kg/fioule/m2/an (average main road 18 kg/fioule) - Financial Process ARCHA c) Reduction in the cost of construction from 15 to 80 %
- Dome hull ferro-concrete minus 15 % - Dome hull plasters less 30 % - Dome hull industrialist minus 50 % - geodetic Dome drink less 60 % - Dome tries (yourte) less 80 % the continuation belongs to the future, but already from the hundreds of million men will be born from here year 2000 and the habitat cannot be defined any more as in the past, modelled by